推广 热搜: 英语  数学  初中  小学  高中  化学 

2019学年人教版高中英语必学5要点总结总结

   日期:2025-01-27     来源:www.heibaiwei.com    浏览:321    
文章简介:必学 5 Unit 1  Great scientists 核心单词 1. characteristic n.特点;特质;典型 adj.特有些,表示特质的;典型的 Kindness is one of his characteristics...

必学 5

Unit 1  Great scientists

核心单词

1. characteristic

n.特点;特质;典型

adj.特有些,表示特质的;典型的

Kindness is one of his characteristics.和善是他的特质之一。

A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.骆驼的一个特征是不喝水也能活很久。

易混辨析

character/characteristic

 character n.性格,品质(本身具备的);角色,人物;字体,字符

characteristic n. 特征,特点(用以不同于其他事物的)

2. defeat

vt.击败;打败;使(计划、期望)落空

Our team defeated our opponent by 5:0.大家队以五比零的比分战胜了对手。

He was defeated in his plan.他的计划失败了。

易混辨析

                  defeat/conquer/overcome

三个词都含有“战胜”、“击败”的意思。

defeat指“取得胜利”,特别指军事上的胜利,如:defeat the enemy。

conquer指“征服;战胜”,特别指获得对人、物或感情的控制,如:conquer nature(征服自然)。

overcome指“战胜;压倒;克服”,特别指“感情”,如:overcome difficulties(克服困难)。

defeat/beat/win

defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败”,后接角逐对手。如:beat the competitor/the country/the team ...打败对手/国家/团队……

win也表示“战胜,取得”,但它的宾语一般是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如:win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward ...取得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏……

3. attend

v. 注意;注意;处置=do with;

出席;到场;照看;照料=take care=look after

常用结构:

attend school/college  上学/上大学

attend a lecture/meeting   听讲坛/出席会议

attend a wedding/ceremony  出席结婚典礼/参加典礼

attendance n.  出席;出席的人数;伺候;照料

 We’ll attend to the problem later.  稍后大家将关注这个问题。

 Which doctor is attending you?    什么大夫为你看病?

4. expose

vt.暴露;揭露;使揭秘,常与介词to连用,表示“使暴露于(日光、风雨等);遭到风险;使面临”。

常用结构:

expose sth./sb./oneself 显露或暴露于……

be exposed to  暴露于……

Don’t expose it to the rain/wind.不要让它被雨淋/风吹。

The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemy’s fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。

 The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行必须要毫无保留地予以揭发。

5. cure

vt.">The doctor cured her of a bad cold.大夫治好了她的重感冒。

It is possible to cure the sickness.治愈这种疾病是可能的。

易混辨析

cure/treat/heal/recover

cure意为“治疗;治愈”,多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不好的习气。

treat为平时用语,意为“治疗;医治”,指治疗患者的全过程或活动。

heal意为“治愈(伤口);医治”,指治好外伤或烧伤后的部位,使伤口愈合,不需要于指治疗感冒等疾病。

recover意为“痊愈,复原”,主如果指从病中痊愈了,常与from连用。

That pill cured my headache.那种药片治好了我的头疼。

That will cure him of his bad habits.那将改正他的不好的习惯。

There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients.只有两名大夫来治疗50多个患者。

The wound on my arm has healed.我胳膊上的伤已痊愈了。

He’s now fully recovered from his bad cold.他目前已完全从重感冒中康复了。

6. absorb

vt. 吸收;吸引;吸收(液体,气体,光,声等);汲取,理解(常识等);使全神贯注;吸引(注意等),后常接介词in/by;合并(公司等);吞并;常接介词into;承受;经受。

联想拓展

absorbed adj. 精神集中的                 absorbing adj.  十分吸引人的

absorb from sth.  从……中吸收           be absorbed in  专心于,全神贯注于

Cotton gloves absorb sweat.棉手套吸汗。

So many good ideas! It’s too much for me to absorb all at once. 这么多好主意!我非常难一下子完全吸收。

The old man was completely absorbed in the book.老人全神贯注地读这本书。

The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city. 四周的小城镇已并入到这座城市中。

7. blame

vt.责备;谴责;归咎于

n.责怪;责任

be to blame 应负责

常用结构:

blame sb. for sth.  因某事而指责某人

blame sth. on sb.   因某事而指责某人

sb. be to blame for sth.    因某事某人应遭到谴责

The student blamed the teacher for his failure. 学生因失败而责怪老师。

The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday.那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。

8. link

vt. 连接;联系

n. 环;连接;联系;纽带

常用结构:

link ...to/with   将……和……连接/联系起来            link up   连接起来

The highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing. 这条公路连接着上海和北京。

Your story links up with his.你所说的和他所说的能联系起来。

A lot of links fitted together form a chain. 很多链环连在一块组成链条。

Old friends are a link with the past. 老友是连接往事的纽带。

易混辨析

join/connect/combine/unite

join指的是任何事物的直接连接,连接的程度可紧可松,含有“还能分开”之意。常用结构join ...to, join up。

connect指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来,事物的特点还维持着,常表示与技术有关的连接与火车、飞机等实行联运。常用结构connect ...with/to。

combine着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了一同的目的而结合在一块,结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变,但也会失去其本性,常用结构combine ...with。

unite强调紧密地结合成一体,含极难分开之意,常用结构unite ...with。

Please join this pole to that one.请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。

This flight connects with New York one.这班飞机在纽约可接上另一趟航班。

We should combine theory with practice.大家应该理论联系实质。

重点短语

9. put forward 提出;推荐;提名;将表拨快

He put forward a better plan.他提出了一个更好的计划。

Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?我推荐你(提名叫你)担任高尔夫球会所的秘书怎么样?

He puts forward several interesting plans.他提出了几项让人有兴趣的计划。

It’s an explanation often put forward by our friend.这是大家的朋友常常做出的讲解。

联想拓展

put in   打断;插嘴;进港

put off   推迟;延期

put on    穿;上演

put away   放好

put down    写下

put on weight   发福;长胖

put out    生产;扑灭

put up     举起;张贴

put back    放回,送回

10. look into 调查;知道;研究;朝……里面看

联想拓展

look around/round/about    环顾四周

look after   照顾;照料

look back   回头看

look back to/upon/on    回顾;回想

look down upon     俯瞰;轻视

look for   寻求;探寻

look forward to    盼望

look on     旁观

look on/upon...as     把……看作

look out    往外看;注意;当心

look through     透过……看;浏览

look up     抬头看;查阅

温馨提示

look into与one’s face/eyes等连用,表示“注视”。

He looks into her face with great interest.他饶感兴趣地注视着她的脸。

Let’s look into the problem together and figure out a way to solve it.让大家一块儿研究这个问题,想出解决的方法。

11. apart from  除……以外;脱离开;除此之外

Apart from a few faults,he is a trustworthy teacher.除去少数的几个缺点外,他是个值得信任的老师。

Apart from being too large, the trousers don’t suit me.除去太长,这条裤子的款式也不合适我。

There can be no knowledge apart from practice.没常识能脱离实践。

易混辨析

apart from/except for/except/besides/but for/in addition to/except that

apart from表示“除……外(别无)”时等于besides和except for,但apart from还有“除……以外(还)”之意。另外,apart from, except for都可用于句首,但except不可以。

except“除……”(不包含其后的宾语),besides“除去……还”(包含其后的宾语)。另外,besides还可以作副词,表示“并且,而且”。

but for表示“假如不是因为……”之意(=If it were not for...或If it had not been for...)。

in addition to 等于besides,表示“除……以外,还有”(包含除去内容在内)。

except that后面跟句子,用来表示理由或细节。

12. make sense  讲得通;有道理;有意义

Your story doesn’t make sense to me.你编的故事我听不知道。

It makes good sense to take good care of your health.照顾好你的身体是明智的。

联想拓展

lose/recover one’s sense=be out of one’s sense  失去/恢复知觉;丧失/恢复理智

bring sb. to one’s sense  使某人苏醒过来

come to one’s sense  苏醒过来

make sense of   理解;了解

make no sense  没道理;没意义

in a/one sense  从某种意义来讲

in all sense   从任何意义上说

in no sense  绝不是;绝不是

There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没道理。

重点句型

13. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.

每次暴发(霍乱)时,都有大量惊恐的老百姓死去。

本句是一个复合句,every time引导的是一个时间状语从句,意思是“每当……”,等于“when”。另外,此状语从句中还有一个“there be”结构。So many thousands of terrified people died是主句。

联想拓展

类似的时间状语总结:

each time每次;每当

at the time在那个时候;(当……)的时候

any/next/the first/the last time意为“任何/下一次/首次/最后一次”。

the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly等都可以引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”。

She went to see him directly she got the letter.她一收到信就去看他了。

Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio.一吃完饭他就把收音机打开了。

She came to the scene the moment she heard of the accident.她一听说发生了事故,就立刻赶到了现场。

The last time we talked he said he needed another two days.上次大家谈话时他说他还需要两天。

14. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it ...

他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心地方上,而行星则围绕着太阳转……

此句中“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成的复合结构在句中常用作状语,表示方法,缘由或条件等。

With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest.在这位老人的带领下,大家开始向森林进发。

She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她不停地奔跑,汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。

Unit 2 The United Kingdom

核心单词

1. convenience

n.便利;便捷

联想拓展

inconvenience n.  不便捷

convenient adj.  便利的;适合的

conveniently adv.  便利地,便捷地

常用结构:

at one’s convenience  在某人便捷的时候

for one’s convenience  为了某人的便捷

for convenience’s sake   为了便捷起见

make a convenience of   借助……

We bought this house for its convenience.大家买下这所房屋是为了便捷。

Please come at your convenience.请在你便捷的时候来。

2. arrange

v. 安排;排列;协商

常用结构:

arrange for   安排,筹备

arrange with sb. about sth.   与某人商定某事

The child was required to arrange his shoes in a neat row by his parents.父母需要这个孩子把鞋放成整齐的一排。

 He was arranged by his family to marry a girl of his own class.他家安排他娶一个门当户对的女生。

3. delight

n. 快乐;开心;喜悦

vt.使开心; 使欣喜

常用结构:

take/find/have delight in    喜欢;以……为乐

to one’s delight   令某人开心的是……

delight in   癖好;因……感到快乐

Sometimes an old movie can still delight the people who have a sweet memory for the old days.

有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的大家带来喜悦。

The movie Xi Yangyang ">4. debate

vi.">常用结构:

debate with sb.about/over/on/upon sth.与某人辩论某事

under debate 在辩论中

open a debate 开始辩论

易混辨析

debate/argue

 debate指各自陈述理由,强调公正、公开,氛围较为激烈。

 argue意为“说理;争论”,一般指提出理由来支持我们的看法,并企图说服其他人,着重用说理的方法来论证倡导。

After much debate,we decided to move to Beijing.大家经过充分讨论后决定迁往北京。

They debated about the proposal for three days.他们为那项计划争论了三天。

I debated the idea in my mind until I feel asleep.我入睡前一直在考虑这个问题。

After a long debate the bill was passed in Congress.经过长期的辩论后,议案在国会获得通过。

5. influence

n. 影响,有影响的人

vt. 影响,改变

常用结构:

have an influence on/upon/over...  对……有影响

under the influence of    遭到……的影响

易混辨析

influence/affect/effect

influence指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不容易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响。

affect 指产生的影响之大足以引起反应,着重“影响”的动作,有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思。

effect指“达成”、“达成”,着重指“导致”一种特殊的成效。

My teacher’s influence made me study science at college.受我老师的影响,我上大学学了理科。

He was influenced by Michelangelo later on.他后来遭到米开朗琪罗的影响。

Africa’s climate is strongly influenced by the continent’s position on the globe.非洲的气候遭到它在地球上地方的强烈影响。

Fear affects some people by making them powerless to act.因为害怕,有的人束手无策。

6. available

adj.可获得的;可购得的;可找到的

常用结构:

available to sb.  可以被某人所用/为某人所获得的

available for sth.   可以为……所用的/可以用于……的

available to do sth.  可以用于某目的的

Tickets are available from the box office.售票处可以买到票。

He is not available for the job.他不合适做这个工作。

TV sets are available in any department stores.电视机在任何一家百货公司里都能买到。

重点短语

7. consist of  由……组成=be made up of

联想拓展

consist in  主如果;主要在于

consist with   与……一致/与……并存

温馨提示

以上词组都不可以用于被动语态。

Our class consisted of fifty students at that time.当时大家班有50个学生。

8. break away  忽然逃掉或离开;断绝往来;挣脱(束缚);脱离;改掉;破除

The thief broke away from the policeman.小偷从警察那里逃脱了。

He broke away from all his old friends.他同所有些老友断绝了往来。

You must break away from such habits.你需要改掉那些习惯。

联想拓展

break down    坏掉;打破

break into      闯入;打断

break into pieces     成为碎片

break out      爆发

break through     突围;突破

break up    分解;结束;放假

break in      闯入;插话

break off      暂停;中断高手过招

9. leave out  省去;遗漏;不考虑

You have left out the most important word in this sentence.你在这一句中遗漏了非常重要的一个单词。

Don’t leave me out when you invite people to your party.当你邀请大家去参加聚会时,别把我漏掉了。

联想拓展

leave for   动身到

leave alone    不管;撇下……一个人

leave aside    搁置

leave behind     遗忘;遗留高手过招 

重点句型

10. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.

没必要再去争论为何要用不一样的词去描述这四个国家。

there is no need to do sth.没必要做某事

联想拓展

there is no doubt that...   ………是毫无疑问的

there is no possibility that...    ……是没可能的

there’s no point in doing sth.    做……没用/没意义

It’s no good/ no harm/ no use doing sth.做某事没好处/害处/用处

there’s no use/no good/ no point(in)doing sth.做某事没用处/好处/意义

It is no wonder that...难怪……

There is no need to worry at all.根本不必着急。

There is no point in complaining; they never take any notice.埋怨没用,人家根本不理睬。

11. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.这好像非常奇怪:这位进步了共产主义的人居然在伦敦生活过,并且在伦敦过世。

在“It is/was necessary/important/strange/incredible”及“It is a pity/a shame/no wonder”之后由 that引导的主语从句中用“should+v.”的形式,should可省略。此处“should have+v. ed分词”结构用来表示“居然已经……;居然已经……”,表示说话人对已经出现的局势感到“惊奇、惊喜、怀疑”等。

It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.有必要立刻派他到那里去。

It is strange that the wheel should turn so slowly.真奇怪,这个轮子居然转动得这样慢。

It is a great pity/shame/that he should be so conceited.真遗憾,他竟会如此目空一切。

I’m surprised that he should have been so foolish.我非常奇怪,他居然会这么傻。

Unit 3  Life in the future

核心单词

1. impression

n.印痕;印记;印象;感想

常用结构:

have an impression of sth./doing sth. 对某事有印象

make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象

make no impression on 对……无影响/成效

give sb.a favorable impression 给某人留下好印象

an impression of one’s foot 某人的脚印

Your performance gave me a strong impression.你的表演给我留下了非常深的印象。

What I said made no impression on him. 我的话对他不起用途。

联想拓展

impress v.留下印象

impress sth.on/upon one’s mind 把……牢记在心上

2. lack

v.">注意:lack作名词时,后常接of。lack作动词时,既可作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词,作不及物动词时,后常接for或in。lack不需要于被动语态。

常用结构:

lack sth. 缺少某物

lack for sth.  缺少;需要

for/through lack of...   因缺少……

no lack of...  不缺少

a/the lack of ...   ……的缺少

He didn’t go there because he lacked courage.他没去那里,由于他缺少勇气。

The plant died for lack of water.植物因缺水而死。

They lacked for nothing.他们无所需要。

联想拓展

lacking adj. 匮乏的;不足的;没的

be lacking in 缺少(品质、特征等)

She seems to be lacking in common sense.她好像缺少知识。

3. sight

n. 视力;视觉;看见;光景,奇观;名胜

常用结构:

lose sight of    看不见;忘记;失去

catch sight of sth./sb.   看见某物/人

at first sight    初看之下;乍看着

at sight of    一看见就……

out of sight   看不见

be in sight  看得见,在眼前

Out of sight, out of mind.  眼不见,心不烦。

Last summer we had seen the sights of Beijing.去年夏季大家游览了北京的名胜。

Crusoe was frightened at the sight of a man’s footprint.克鲁索看到一行人的脚印,他很害怕。

4. require

vt. 需要;需要;命令

常用结构:

require that+主语++动词原形    需要某人做某事

require sb. to do sth.    命令某人做某事

require sth.(of sb.)   需要(某人)某事

I will do everything that is required of me.但凡需要我的事,我都会办到。

The situation requires that I(should)be there.形势需要我去那里。

温馨提示

require后接宾语从句时,宾语从句需要用should do的虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。

另外,表示“需要”,且是物作主语时,后接动词 ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义,可以等于不定式被动形式;在这一点上,need和want使用方法相同。

The house requires mending.=The house requires to be mended. 房子需要修理。

All cars require servicing regularly.所有汽车都需要按期检修。

They required him to keep it a secret.他们需要他对这事保密。

5. assist

vt.出席

常用结构:

assist sb. in/with sth.     帮助某事

assist sb. in doing sth.  帮助做某事

assist sb. to do sth.   帮助做某事

assist with   帮助;在……上给予帮助

I am willing to assist you whenever there is an opportunity.有机会我愿随时助你。

I’m afraid I can’t assist you, you have to go and see the manager. 我恐怕帮不上忙,你得去找经理。

The headmaster assists with a lot of things when free.有空时校长会帮忙做不少事。

重点短语

6. take up  从事;占;继续

This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。

She has taken up a job as a teacher. 她当上老师了。

This chapter takes up where the last one off.本章继续上一章的内容。

联想拓展

take off   脱掉(衣服等);起飞;优惠;作为打折而减价

take over 接管;获得对……的控制或管理

take apart 拆开;分开后将……分成很多部分

take for  把……视作;误觉得

take...for granted  觉得……是理所当然

take down  写下;记下

take back  收回

7. sweep up 打扫;横扫

These students are sweeping up dead leaves.这类学生们正在扫落叶。

He ran forward and swept her up into his arms.他跑上前去一把将她抱在怀里。

The whole country was swept up in the excitement.全国上下都沉浸在开心的氛围中。

We’d better sweep up all the bits of broken glass quickly. 大家最好快点把玻璃碴子扫干净。

联想拓展

sweep aside  放/堆到一边; 不予理会

sweep away  清;消灭;彻底消除

sweep off   扫清; 吹走; 很多清除

sweep out   扫掉; 清除

sweep over  将……一扫而光; 掠过(……的心头) 

重点句型

8. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying,...这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似,……

联想拓展

    when flying是when you are flying的省略形式。在有的表示时间、条件、方法或让步的状语从句中,假如谓语包括动词be,从句的主语又和主句的主语一致,或者主语是it,一般可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略。

When asked where’s the toilet, the waitress showed the way politely to the guest.

当被问及卫生间在哪儿时,员工很有礼貌地给客人带路。

Until finishing the homework, the child was allowed to watch the cartoon film.直至做完作业,孩子才允许看卡通片。

If necessary, you can call help from the police.有必要时,你可以向警方求助。

9. ...some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic.……一些椅子就像变魔术一样从地板下面升了起来。

注意:from后面有时可接介词短语或where从句。

联想拓展

from under the floor 从地板下面

from behind the door 从门后面

from under the table 从桌子底下

From under the tree the man kept an eye on the sheep. 那个老人从树下注意着他的羊。

Unit 4  Making the news

核心单词

1. eager

adj. 热切的;渴望的

联想拓展

eager的使用方法

表示渴望得到某物,后接介词 for, after, about;

表示渴望做某事,后接不定式;

后接 that 从句时,从句谓语一般都用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构。

We are all eager for/after/about knowledge. 大家都求知心切。

He is eager for/after/about success. 他渴望成功。

He is eager to go abroad. 他渴望出国。

She is eager to see her parents. 她渴望见到她的爸爸妈妈。

He’s eager that they come to see him.他非常期望他们来看他。

易混辨析

eager/keen/anxious

eager 指“以巨大的热情渴望达成愿望或达到目的的”,有时也指“因为其他感情影响而表现急不可耐的”。

keen 指“对某人、某物怀有很大兴趣或热情的”。

anxious 指“热切地期望达成愿望,并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安,感到焦虑的”。

2. meanwhile

adv. 此时;同时;其间

n. 同时

meanwhile意为“同时,在此期间”,作为副词和名词,表示在某动作或状况发生或存在期间将可能发生另一件事。它不需要于说明人或事物的另一面。

常用结构:

in the meanwhile在此期间(=in the meantime)

They’ll be here soon. Meanwhile we’ll have some coffee.他们即刻就到,大家目前先喝点咖啡。

Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been.

同时,我的舌头正忙于探寻被拔牙齿的伤口。

Meanwhile, two other actors had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees.

同时,另外两位演员把两个盛着食物的大篮子拿到树下荫凉的地方。

3. case

n.事;案例;情形;场所;情况;事实;实情;案件;诉讼;病症;病例

This is a case of stupidity, not dishonesty.这只不过个愚蠢的例子,并不是不诚实。

The police have a clear case against the prisoner.警察有充足的事实应对那个囚犯。

In this case I’m acting for my friend Mr Smith.我在这次诉讼中代表我的朋友史密斯先生的利益。

常用结构:

as is often the case  这是常有些事

as the case stands   在现在的状况下;就现有些状况而论

in this/that case   若是如此/那样的话

in any case   无论怎么样;总之

in case+clause  假使;假如;万一

in case of   万一……;假如发生……

in case   以防

in most cases    在大部分状况下

Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.假如太阳照射得非常厉害,你就把帽子戴上。

In case of rain they can’t go. 万一下雨,他们就不可以去了。

4. deny

vt. 不承认;否定;拒绝相信;拒绝

He said that I had stolen his bicycle, but I denied it. 他说我偷了他的自行车,可是我不承认了。

He denied his country. 他背弃了我们的国家。

He denies his wife nothing. 他对他的老婆有求必应。

常用结构:

deny oneself    自制;克己;抛弃

deny doing sth.  不承认做过某事

deny sb. sth.    拒绝给某人某物

deny+that   从句不承认……

易混辨析

deny/decline/refuse/reject

deny 指“坚定地不承认某事为真实的”。

decline 指“较正式地、有礼貌地谢绝”。

refuse 是普通用语,指“坚决、果断或坦率地拒绝”。

reject指“以否定、敌对的态度而当面拒绝”, 主语可以是人或物,后接名词,不可以接动词不定式。

He asked her to go to the movies three times, but each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影,但每一次都被拒绝了。

5. cover

vi. (常与with连用)盖;覆盖

vt. 包含;涉及;报道

n. 遮盖物;盖子;罩子 (图书、杂志的)封面

The town covers 5 square miles. 这座小镇占地5平方英里。

I want to cover 100 miles by dark. 我想在天黑之前走完100英里。

The review covered everything we learned last term.这次复习包含上学期大家所学的全部课程。

常用结构:

be covered with盖满;覆满;充满(羞惭,慌乱等)

from cover to cover  从头到尾一页不漏

under the cover of   在……掩护下;打着……的幌子

cover up  完全盖住; 盖好

She covered the table with a cloth. 她用一块布把桌子罩起来。

重点短语

6. concentrate on 集中;全神贯注于

I can’t concentrate with that noise going on. 吵闹声不绝于耳, 我没办法集中精力(于学习)。

We must concentrate our efforts on improving education.大家需要致力于改进教育工作。

Having failed my French exams, I decided to concentrate on science subjects. 我因法语考试不及格而决心专攻理科。

This firm concentrates on the European market.这家公司把工作重点集中在欧洲市场。

常用结构:

concentrate one’s mind/attention on (upon)=fix one’s attention on=focus on=be absorbed in 把注意力集中在

联想拓展

put one’s heart into sth.   全身心地做某事

devote oneself to sth./doing sth.   把自己奉献给……

concentrated adj.   极度的; 紧张的; 浓缩的

concentrated study/hate/effort

紧张的学习/强烈的仇恨/一心一意的努力

concentrated fire   集中的火力

concentrated food   压缩食品

7. accuse ...of...  因……控告/指责……

I don’t think anyone can accuse him of not being frank.我看哪个也不可以说他不坦率。

You can’t accuse Stephen of robbing the bank. He was round at my house all evening.

你不可以控告斯蒂芬抢劫银行,他整晚都在我家。

易混辨析

accuse/charge

accuse, charge这两个动词都有“控诉,指控”之意,但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。

accuse v.指控,控诉,常与介词of连用。

charge v.可以指由于小错而受的责备,也可指因违法而遭到控告,与介词with连用。

重点句型

8. What do you imagine will be your future occupation? Suppose you were to be a journalist for China Daily, do you know what kinds of jobs they have?

你觉得你将来的职业是什么?假设你马上成为《中国日报》的记者,你了解他们要做什么种类的工作吗?

“be to+动词原形”的容易见到使用方法:

①表示“按计划、安排马上发生某事或计划做某事”。

②指该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示命令、吩咐或禁止的语气。

③指能或不可以发生的事情(接近于can, may),表示可能性。

④表示不可防止将要发生的事情,后来注定要发生的事情。

⑤用于条件从句,意为“假如想……,设想”(接近if ...want to/if ...should)。

We are to meet at the school gate. 大家将在学校门口见面。

You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.

孩子们,你们需要上床睡觉,不准吵闹。大家的客人五分钟之内就要到了。

How am I to know what has become of him?我如何了解他的遭遇?

His discussion with his new boss,Hu Xin, was to strongly influence his life as a reporter.

他同新上司胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯势必产生非常大的影响。

If you are to succeed, you have to make more efforts.假如你想成功的话,你需要愈加努力。

9. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.

一个足球运动员被控纳贿,故意不进球,好让另一队赢球。

易混辨析        

                     so as to/in order to

so as to 意为“为了,目的是”,后接动词原形,在句中作目的状语,其否定形式为so as not to do sth.,可以转化成so that引导的目的状语从句。

in order to也可以作目的状语,但so as to和so that引导的目的状语不可置于句首,且so that 目的状语从句的谓语动词常含有can,could,may,might等词。

She got up early in order to(so as to)catch the early bus.=In order to catch the early bus, she got up early.

为了赶上早班车,她起得非常早。

He spoke loudly so as to be heard.他大声说话,以便叫人听到。

Unit 5  First aid

核心单词

1. aid

n.">vt.援助;救助

They aided flood victims. 他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。

They aided in solving the problem. 他们帮忙解决这个问题。

常用结构:

first aid   急救

aid sb.   帮助某人

aid sb. with sth.  帮助某人某事

in aid of   支持;为……筹备

aid sb. in sth.    在……方面帮助某人

联想拓展

表示一般意义的“帮助”或“援助”时,aid 是不可数名词;表示具体意义的“助手”、“辅助用品”时,aid是可数名词。如:A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.。用作动词时,搭配为aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人(做)某事,也可用于 aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人某事。

易混辨析

aid/help/assistance

     aid 表示经济或其他方面给予的帮忙或援助,多指强者援助弱者,多用于团体。

    help 指给人精神或物质上的帮忙,强调受助者的需要,有益于达到肯定的目的或目的。

    assistance 多指个人给予道义、常识、物质等方面的帮忙,所提供的帮忙总是只起辅助用途。

2. injury

n. 损伤;伤害

Many common injuries happen every day in the home. 家庭中天天都有很多容易见到的意料之外伤害。

常用结构:

do sb. an injury   伤害某人

be an injury to sb./sth.  伤害;风险某人/某事

escape injury  免受伤害  

repair injury  赔偿损害

serious/severe injuries  重伤

a slight injury   轻伤

In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤。

易混辨析

                            injure/wound/hurt

injure指人在乎外事故中遭到的伤害,用于无生命物体的损毁,更多用于表示对人的某个部位的损伤。

wound 指利器或子弹对肉体导致的伤害。是出血的、紧急的伤,特指战场上的受伤。也指感情受伤。

hurt 指的伤害与injure 同样紧急,也可指较轻的疼痛,常指因不小心而引起的痛苦或意料之外地受伤。hurt 也可指对人的感情的伤害。

Your remark may injure her pride.你的话或许会伤她的自尊。

Blood gushed from his wound.血从他的伤口涌出。

Hurt other people, hurt yourself.害人害己。

3. situation

n. 形势;处境;局势;局面;地方

易混辨析

situation/state/condition

situation指肯定时期内总的状况、形势、局势,亦可指国际、国内形势,是可数名词。

state用单数形式表示人或事物的状况及情况,如外貌、心理、外观等方面,可与不定冠词连用,常用于in a state of或in a... state。

condition的单数形式表示人或物本身的情况,在这个意思上与state相近;而复数形式则指事物以外的环境与状况,与circumstances意思相近。

When he later grew to dislike Eliza, he faced a difficult situation.

当他下面对伊丽莎的讨厌与日俱增的时候,他陷入了一种困难的境地。

After that I give the students various situations and they make up sentences about them.

从那将来,我提供给学生各种各样的情境,他们根据这类情境造句。

His business is in a good state. 他的买卖非常不错。

The condition of the house was so bad that nothing could make it safe to live in.

房子的条件太差了以至于不可以安全地住在里面。

温馨提示

situation与condition, occasion, point, case一样,后常用where, in which引导定语从句。

Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?你能想像出可以用这个单词的语境吗?

4. damage

vt.">易混辨析

ruin/destroy/damage

ruin强调毁灭的彻底性,并且是一次性的行动。这种毁灭或许力量不是非常大,但其紧急性却使其不可以修复,它强调的是毁坏的长期结果。

destroy指通过某种有力的或暴力的方法使之毁灭或无用,一般不可以或非常难修复,有时用于比喻意义。

damage则指对价值和功能的破坏,多用于无生命的东西,一般还可以修复。

The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。

The house across the street is in ruins. 街道对面的房屋已是一片废墟。

He has destroyed my hope. 他破坏了我的期望。

The earthquake destroyed a lot of buildings.地震毁坏了很多楼房。

The bridge was damaged by the flood.那座桥梁被洪水损毁了。

温馨提示

destroy只可以用作动词,而ruin和damage既可以用作动词又可以用作名词。

5. present

n.礼物;现在

adj.在场;出席;目前的

v.颁发;授与;赠给

常用结构:

be present at  出席

the present day=today  今天

at present/at the present time=now  目前

for the present=for the time being  暂时

the present   目前

present sb. with sth=present sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人

present day attitudes/fashion目前的态度/时尚款式

联想拓展

present作动词,表示“给予,赠送”之意,常用于present sth.to sb.或present sb.with sth.搭配中,除此之外,present作动词还有“呈现,显示;讲解,表达;引见”等意思。

①作形容词既可作前置修饰语,也可作表语,常意为“现存的;目前的;在场的;出席的”等。

②作不可数名词时,表示不同于过去或以后的“目前”;作可数名词时,意为“礼物”。

The same problem presented itself to her again. 同样的问题又在她身上出现。

He presented the school with a check for one million dollars.他赠予学校一张一百万USD的支票。

May I present you to my husband?我可以把你介绍给我老公吗?

We learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future.大家学习过去,体验目前,期望收获将来。

I got many presents for my birthday.我收到不少过生日礼物。

重点短语

6. fall ill 生病

Hearing the bad news, he fell ill. 听到坏消息后,他病了。

联想拓展

fall behind    落后

fall sick   生病

fall asleep   入睡

fall down    掉下;倒塌

fall in love with ...   爱上……

fall off    掉落;降低;从……上掉下   

fall into the habit of ...  培养……的习惯

fall over   跌倒;翻倒;落到……上

fall silent    沉默

7. in place 在适合的地方;适合

I like everything to be in place. 我喜欢所有些东西都放在原来的地方。

With everything in place, she started the slide show.所有就绪,她开始放幻灯片。

联想拓展

be in/out of order  有条理/无条理;坏了

be in/out of control   正常/失去控制

be in/out of danger   有危险/脱离危险

in place of...=take the place of... 代替;取代

give place to   被……取代;让坐落于……

out of place   不在适合的地方;

8. make a difference 有非常大差别;有非常大不一样;有非常大的关系/影响

Whether he could get the support from his parents made a great difference to the plan.

他是不是能得到爸爸妈妈的支持对这个计划的影响非常大。

Does it any difference whether hell attend the meeting?他出不出席会议的不同之处吗?

联想拓展

make a difference between ...and ...   不同对待……

make some difference to对……   有的关系

make no difference to   对……没关系

make all the difference   关系重大;大不相同

重点句型

9. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.

除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上,不然都要把衣服脱掉。假如需要的话,可以用剪刀。

unless是连词,意为“假如不,除非”。在真实条件句中,unless引导的一定条件状语从句,可以和if...not...引导的否定状语从句互换。

Unless you change your mind,I won,t be able to help you.=If you do notchange your mind,I won ’t be able to help you.

除非你改变想法,不然我不可以帮你。

I want you to keep working unless I tell you to sTOP.=I want you to keep working if I don’t tell you to sTOP.

假如我没说叫你停,你就得继续干。

注意:unless 不可用于假想的事情,因此当if...not引导非真实条件状语从句时,一般不可改用unless。

10. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在房里学习,忽然听到一声尖叫。

此句型中when作并列连词,等于and then,意为“正当……时,忽然”。

常用结构:

be doing...when...     正在做……忽然……

had done...when...     刚做了……忽然……

be about to do...when...    刚要做……忽然……

be on the point of doing sth. when...   刚要做……忽然……

 

 
打赏
 
更多>热门阅读

推荐图文
今日推荐
点击排行
网站首页  |  关于我们  |  联系方式  |  使用协议  |  版权隐私  |  网站地图  |  排名推广  |  广告服务  |  积分换礼  |  网站留言  |  RSS订阅  |  违规举报