01
虚拟语气
虚拟语气的考试知识点为：
would rather+that从句+一般过去时;
It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/ advisable/ natural/ essential+that+动词原形;
proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形;
It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时;
lest+that+should+动词原形;
if only+that+would+动词原形。
在虚拟语气中，除去记住一套与时态相对应的规范使用方法以外，以下几个方面也是不容忽略的：
1、名词性从句中要用过去时或should+动词原型构成虚拟语气。如：Itistimewewenthome.
2、wouldrather,hadrather后的从句动词用等于陈述语气的过去时来表示目前或以后发生的动作。如：Iwouldratheryouwentwithher.我宁可你跟她走。只有当wouldrather后面动作的主体与前面主语一致时才能用不带to的动词不定式，如：I’drathertaketheimportantletterwithme.在这个句子中，rather后面的主语为I，和前面的主语一致，所以用的不是过去式，而是不带to的动词不定式。
3、在itisimportant/ suggested/ necessary/ proposed 等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气表示应该干什么事情，即用动词原形或should+动词原型，如：It is important that you be here on time.
类似的可以引起主语从句为虚拟语气的形容词或过去分词还有appropriate, advisable, better, imperative, insistent, natural, preferable, strange, urgent, vital, desirable, demanded, recommended, required 等。
4、词组butfor等于wereitnotfor或haditnotbeenfor,表示一种含否定意义的条件，后面一般加名词或名词短语，如：He might have been killed but for the arrivalof the police.要不是警察来了他本可能被杀死。5、在某些表示祝愿的句子里需要用虚拟语气，如：May you be happy all your life!
02
方法状语从句
方法状语从句一般由as，as if，as though，the way，what引导;
eg：Always do to the others as you would be done by.
When enter rome do as the romans do.
as从句带有比喻的意思，意思是"正如…"，"就像";
as if/ though："仿佛……似的"，"仿佛……似的";
有时用虚拟语气，有时不需要;
eg：They completely ignore these facts as if they never existed.
He looks as if he had been hit by lighting.
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
the way：可以连接两个句子，表达就像……一样;
eg：I should do the job the way my father did.
Many Europeans now apparently view the US. the way many Americans view Mexican as a cheap place to vacation, shop and party.
what：就像，犹如;
eg：Air is to man what/as water is to fish.
句型：A is to B what C is to D.
eg：A1 Gore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.
put sb. on a path to a solution：找到解决的方法;
03
看书和念书
可以由that，so that，in order that，lest，for fear that，in case等词引导;
1. lest：以防，从句中的谓语动词需要用should+动词原形;
eg: He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it.
He took the umbrella with him lest it should rain.
2. in case：以防，与lest不同，从句里的时态不做特殊变化;
eg：Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.
3. for feat that：和lest维持一致;
eg：A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down.
04
结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导;so保留，that可以省略;这样……以至于……;
eg：He didn't abide by the contract so that he was fined.
He was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep.
He made such an inspiring speech that everybody got excited.
比较：so和 such
so：so +形容词、副词+that;so+形容词+a/an+名词+that;
eg：The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
He run so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.
It was so hot a day that crops wilted.
He is so lovely a boy that everyone loves him.
such：such+a/an+形容词+名词+that
eg：It was such a hot day that crops wilted.
He is such a lovely boy that everyone loves him.
05
缘由状语从句
1) because语势最强，用来讲明人所不知是什么原因，回答why提出的问题。当缘由是显而易见的或已为大家所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2) 由because引导的从句假如放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但假如不是说明直接缘由，而是多种状况加以判断，就只可以用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
06
让步状语从句
当有though, although时，后面的从句不可以有but，但 though 和yet可连用
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他非常老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。
典型例题
1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
答案：C。意为虽然她非常年轻，却了解很多。
2)as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句需要表语或状语提前。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意：a.句首名词不可以带任何冠词。
b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。假如实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一块放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
3)ever if, even though.即便
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5)"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不可以引导主语从句和宾语从句。
No matter what you say is of no use now. （×）
Whatever you say is of no use now. （√）
Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given （×）
Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.（√）
07
比较状语从句
than，as…as…，not so as…， the same as，the+比较级;
eg：Light travels fast than sound.
the+比较级：
eg：The sooner，the better.
当……的时候：while，when，as ;
when：强调一件事情正在发生的时候，另外一件事情忽然发生;
eg：When I was watching TV, my mother came back.
while：强调两个动作同时进行，一边……一边……;
eg：My father is cooking while my mother is reading newspaper.
as："随时间推移"
eg：As time went by, the days became longer and longer.
一……就……：as soon as，主将从现;用directly，immediately， instantly连接两个句子;一些名词如the minute，the moment，the instant也可表示;no sooner… than，hardly… when后面的句子需要倒装;
eg：I will write to you the moment/minute I arrived in Paris.
特殊单词：by the time that，every/each time
till否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"，一般用until，动词为延续性或非延续性都可以;
eg: I slept until midnight.
Wait till I call you.
She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
② Until可用于句首，而till一般不需要于句首，一般用于句中;
eg: Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
eg：As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep states—light sleep, deep sleep and REM sleep—that repeats approximately every 90 minutes.
