unit 4 课文翻译
Passage A
学习英语既有乐趣又有回报
文学的研究包括对哲学、宗教、历史事件的进步和观念由来的研究，不止是文明的，同时是有教化用途的，而且是时尚的和实质的。在所有从文理学院毕业并获得学士学位的人中，有六分之一的人主修英语。叫人惊异的是，这类毕业生能胜任范围相当广泛的工作。他们的经验表明，这种广泛时尚的偏见是不对的：即英语专业的学生只能从事新闻或教学工作。事实上，主修英语的学生也为将来从事法律、医学、商业和公职等职业做了相当好的筹备。
有人时常劝告期望上法学院或医学院的大学生要学习与他们的择业有直接联系的严格拟定的课程。有人还建议将来法学院的学生应该选修政治、历史、会计、商业管理甚至人体解剖学、婚姻和家庭生活等课程。将来医学院的学生被引导去学习多种理科课程，事实上，这类课程比他们考入医学院所需要的理科课程要多得多。让人惊讶的是，很多法学院和医学院却指出，这样专门化的筹备不但没必要，而且并不可取。没什么“法律预科”课程：上法学院和从事法律行业的最好筹备是培养学生可以进行批判性考虑；可以进行明确的合乎逻辑的自我表述；可以对别人的动机、行动和想法进行敏锐的剖析。这类技能也正是英语专业要教给学生学会的技能。
除此之外，要进入法学院就读，一般需要具备合格院校颁发的学士学位，还需要拿到最低限度的各课平均积分点，并和在法学院录取考试中获得一个通得过的分数。这项测试包含三个部分：第一是测试阅读理解、图形分类和书面材料评估等能力。测试的第二个部分是考核对英语语法和词语使用方法的学会能力，组织书面材料的能力和文字编辑的能力。第三个部分是测试学生的文学、艺术、音乐、自然科学和社会科学的一般常识。显而易见，主修英语的学生参加法学院录取考试会无往不利。
至于医学院，入学需要主要的一条只不过修满32个学时的理科课程。这一需要对主修英语的学生来讲一定不成问题。另外，很多医学院校需要学生需要在医学院入学考试中达到规定的最低分，这一测试对全方位进步的文科学生来讲又十分有利。医学院入学考试测试四方面的能力：近义词、反义词和词汇联想能力；从分数到立体几何学的基本数学常识；文学、哲学、心理学、音乐、艺术和社会科学的知识；与熟知中学和大学初始阶段教过的生物学、化学和物理学基本原理的程度。理科基础扎实的主修英语学生完全有能力参加这一考试和医学院入学考试，他们的阅读、剖析、讲解和准确交流的能力使他们更胜一筹。学医和行医只能从对人的行为的洞察中受益无穷，而这种洞察却是文学研究才能提供的。
非常明显，这样的洞察力对计划从商的学生来讲也是非常有价值的。如此的学生应该考虑的是，挑选主修对商科有侧重的英语课程是有优势的：这种课程的目的在于在提供文科教育的同时，也为从商做职业筹备。对这种教育计划的需要是显而易见的：只有技术性资格的毕业生能找到从商工作，但却常常很难居其位。《华尔街杂志》和《大学生就业杂志》都有报道，说愈加多的著名商学院的毕业生发现他们自己常常从一种工作或一家公司跳槽到另一个工作或另一家公司，在一个工作职位上干不了十二个月。雇主们抱怨说，这类表面上年轻有为的男女们根本不会有效地交流，由于他们的文字能力不够强；他们不可以够从管理职员培训中学到东西；他们不可以够进行有效的口头表达；他们不可以用书面形式报告他们的工作进展或问题；他们不可以够指导其他员工。然而，剖析和交流的技能却是管理的最根本的需要。
因此，偏重商业营运管理方向的主攻英语的学生，为将来从事商业管理做好了充分筹备。对涉及从银行、保险到通信乃至制造业等海量范围的将近400家公司进行的有关调查显示，针对是不是聘用具备英语学位文凭却没受过行业范围的专门培训的毕业生这一问题，百分之八十五的公司说他们聘用过。拥有英语学位文凭的大学毕业生在推广、系统工程、人事管理、销售、编程、项目设计和劳资关系等范围都工作得十分出色。
主修英语的学生也正在各级政府提供的上千种职位上工作。就拿可以算得是美国最大的雇主的联邦政府来讲吧。从海军陆战队到矿务局，从商业部到国家公园服务处，联邦政府各种机构雇佣的劳动大军近三百万人。主修英语的学生合适做其中的很多工作。近期，向51个联邦政府机构调查了同一个问题：是不是聘用有英语学位文凭而却没受过专门行业练习的大学毕业生，88%的这类联邦政府单位的回答是一定的。主修英语的毕业生能胜任联邦政府的一系列工作，从索赔审议到外交官再到公路安全管理专家等等。再说，那些需要高薪高位的人可能还需要参加一种考试，这就是，联邦政府每年都要举行的“业务和管理职业考试”借此对大约10000种工作职位的求职者进行考核，而测试的焦点仍然是语言技能：理解、剖析、讲解、理解定义间逻辑关系的能力，与解决用文字表述问题的能力。毫不奇怪，主修英语的学生时常在这一考试中获得高分。
简而言之，英语的课程既无局限性又非常实用：学英语是对职业生涯的绝好筹备。
Passage B
“日本式英语”能成为一种合法的语言吗?
在大家当地面包店的招牌上如此写着：“大家期望总能提供给你新鲜的面包并建议你享受有面包吃的生活乐趣，尤其是，大家想成为你厨房晚餐的主人。大家用各种不相同种类型的面包、蛋糕和三明治恭候你们。”
这段话大意了解，但能觉得是正确的英语吗?是的，回答是一定的，这是一位在日本的美国学者的看法。他说日本式英语与印度英语、牙买加和菲律宾等国说的英语一样，也应看作是合法英语。
教育学博士马歇尔?奇尔兹觉得，日本学生应该忽视英式和美式英语的“势利”,以合适我们的方法来讲英语，即便如此做或许会违背语法、发音和句子结构等公认的规则。
但，他对“日本式英语”的推崇却激怒了他的一些同事，而且还在日本的一家英文报纸《读卖日报》专栏上引发了一场激烈的争论。
奇尔兹先生是日本一所国际学院的院长，他觉得两种语言的混合是可以同意的，由于在日本人听来，这种英文更容易理解。
“创造性地用语法结构是日本式英语的特点，其结果对那些期待用标准语法的人来讲是很让人震撼的，但其意义一般是完全可以理解的，或许这是由于它遵循了自然的思路。”
“假如大家对日本式英语有偏见的话，那是大家的问题，不是日本人的问题。”作为一个留居日本已有16年之久的居民，奇尔兹先生批评英语语言学校，说它们“羞辱”学生，让他们注册学习“正确的”英语课。
“我认识一位学生，在学了15年英语之后，她诚恳地同意了一位新老师的建议，从最基础的东西开始，重新学习发音，这次她学习的是‘得体’的英式英语。”
“她的这次历程耽误了她好几年时间，花费了几百万日元。其实大部分学生并无需漂亮且地道纯正的口音；他们需要的是培养流利的听说习惯。假如他们可以学他们喜欢的英语变体，则这类听说习惯就愈加容易培养起来。”
奇尔兹先生还补充说：“广泛用日本式英语所产生的生动活泼的局面是值得赞赏的，应该遭到鼓励，而不是批评。”
他还说：“在学校，学生很厌烦与他们生活无关的‘正确’英语”。他还觉得学习流利标准的英式或美式英语是文学家、表演艺术家、翻译家和国际谈判家的事。
“一派胡言，”他的一位美国同行和学者丹尼尔·韦伯斯特反驳道。他说奇尔兹先生的所作所为对日本学生学习英语有害无益，明明是不对的东西，他却告诉学生是正确的。
韦伯斯特先生是东京早稻田大学习英语系的客座教师，他说，“在亚洲和加勒比海区域的人说的那些英语类似奇尔兹先生作比拟的日本式英语，可他们却可以用他们的英语相互之间进行流利的交流，也可以和外国人进行交流。他们也能了解没字幕的英语电影，他们之中一些有文化的人还能理解亨利?詹姆斯的作品，有些甚至能以优雅的文笔用英语写作。”
“上述状况对那些用日本式英语的人来讲绝不是易事。事实上，我敢同奇尔兹先生打赌，真的用日本式英语作为交际媒介来进行最基本的需要以外的交流的唯一场所只能是家庭，其中有一个或几个家庭成员是日本人，而另一个或几个非日本人。”
韦伯斯特先生宣称，“日本式英语的用法范围不会超出家庭，在那些各家各户的住宅和公寓外面，日本式英语只能是很多让人费解的佶屈聲牙的话语，而且会永远这样。”
日本现在正在探寻提升学校英语教学标准的渠道。事实上，虽然所有些孩子都学了几年英语，但就其水平，日本远比其他亚洲国家落后。政治家和商业巨头们说，这一趋势使得他们的商业和外交效率低下。一本名叫《40岁以上的人学习英语》的教科书在日本十分畅销，近来愈加多的企业主管为了提升他们的晋级机会正在报名学习各种英语课程。
去年，专家小组给当时的总理大臣小渊惠三建议，需要在国内就是不是应把英语作为日本的第二官方语言进行一场辩论。这种想法将迫使中央政府、地方当局和其他官方机构用两种语言草拟文件，因而它被看作是日本文化被西方腐蚀所作的另一妥协，遭到一些人的批评。
无论小泉纯一郎领导的新政府做出何种决定，大家可以预料无人会抹去东京市机场候机厅用日本式英语写成的告示“注意扒手”,也不会有人拿掉自动饮料销售机上的牌子，上面写着日本式英语：“该公司选择有把握的上等材料为买家提供最好的商品，叫你日复1日地有好心情。”
unit 4 习题答案
Lead-in
1)discourage
2)from
3)dialects
4)overwhelmingly
5)choice
6)fierce
7)standard
8)are now promoting English as the language of the 21st century
9)English is going to be the lingua franca of the new century
10)adopted English to be taught as the second language of choice
Communicative Tasks
Task 1
As we all know,computers and the Internet are playing an increasingly important role in our life nowadays.They offer us access to knowledge and resources.On the Internet,you can amost find all information that you want such as educational knowledge,commercial information,entertaining resources and so on English is a universal language on the Internet.about 90%of the information on the Internet is in English.Besides,when traveling abroad,you will benefit a lot if you can communicate with foreigners in English.So does studying abroad.People can easily make friends with others if they can communicate smoothly.And that probably is the reason why so many Chinese people learn English now.To improve spoken English,you should listen more,practise more.That means you listen to native English and then imitate continuously.As time goes on,your oral English will surely be improved.
Task 2
If I have a chance to go to the United States to teach Chinese,I will go there.Nowadays China has ganed much right to engage in international issues,and become one of the largest markets in the world So more and more foreign companies invest in China.Besides,many foreigners become interested in Chinese culture and Chinese food For the need of international trade and cultural exchange,many foreigners starts to learn Chinese.Many western countries have set up Confucius Institutes.I hope that I can teach Chinese t here.
Think about it
1.Now in China there is a situation where people are all learning English.Children as young as 4 years old are starting to learn English.Young people are improving their English proficiency in different English training centers.And even senior citizens are learning English too.
2.Open.No,I won't.Although English is one of my favorite subjects,I won't choose it as my minor as I have got other interests.And I think learning English should be observed in an English speaking country.
3.Yes.They are proficient in English,so it is easy to equip them with professional skill.To master a language is much我more difficult than learn professional skills.
Content Awareness
2.Discuss with your partner and try to figure out the answers to the following questions.Share your thoughts and responses with the class.
1.English majors are confined to choosing careers between journalism and teaching
2.Experience shows that English major graduates qualify for a surprising range of jobs.In fact,they are also often well prepared for future careers in law,medicine,business,and government service.
3.The skills tested in L.S.A.T.clearly show that an undergraduate major in English is strong preparation for this test.
4.One must take thirty-two hours of science courses and pass the M.C.A.T.with a minimum score as required by the particular medical school.
5.They tell us that the essential skills needed for various careers are adequately covered by the education programs for English majors.
3.Choose the best answer to each question with information from the passage.
1.A
2.B
3.C
4.C
5.A
4.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word.
1.preparation
2.indicate
3.capable
4.analysis
5.particularly
6.occupations
7.neither
8.professional
Language Focus
5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.
1.sensitive
2.classification
3.sufficiently
4.steer
5.familiarity
6.consequently
7.reward
8.qualific ations
9.fundamentals
10.evaluate
6.Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage.Change the form where nec essary.
1.As for
2.focus;on
3.benefit,from
4.failed to
5.relevant to
7.Each of the verbs and nouns/noun phrases in the following lists occurs in Passage A.Choose the noun or noun phrasethat you think collocates with the verb and write it down in the blank.
1.complain about his carelessness
2.take courses
3.steer efforts in the correct direction
4.evaluate ability/courses
5.hold a position
6.consider the advantages and disadvantages
7.rec eive high scores
8.get qualification/a position
9.gain an insight into his mind
10.give interpretations
8.Translate the following sentences into English.
1.My grandfather's interests range from playing chess to climbing mountains although he is 70 years old
2.Surprisingly,Tom's grandmother plays with dolls at the age of 80.
3.His selflessness and talent qualify him for the job most students dream to get.
4.What interpretation would you put on his odd/strange dream?
5.The brand-new car our boss has just bought is capable of making 200kilometers an hour.
9.Read and compare the English sentences,paying attention to the italicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences bysimulating the structure of the English sentenc es.
1.Justice must not only be done,but it must beseen to be done.
2.The main impediment todevelopment is the country's huge foreign debt
3.Politicians say a lot but often failing to tell us what they really mean
4.Don't complain that life is unfair to you bec ause life simply does not know who you are.
5.Diversified products range from electronics components to as百度竞价推广bly machinery
10.Work in pairs to discuss or debate the following TOPic.
Dr Wilson:I'm glad that you all decided to enroll in my English class.What makes you to come to the decision?Linan:Knowing English gives me an edge of applying for a job.Dr Wilson:Why do you think it gives you an advantage?
Linan:The competence in labor market is becoming increasingly severe,and the most widely spoken businesslanguage in the world is English.
Dr Wilson:OK,but there is no national language,even in the US,notall people speak English.
Linan:Well,it may be true,it is also true that many transnational corporations require their employees to speak,read,and write a common language.Generally,that language is English.
Dr Wlson:You are right.Like it or not,English is still the predominant language in the world,especially in thebusiness.To be successful,you must master English.
Write a short passage of 120 words or so on the TOPic "The importance of Learning Spoken English."
The importance of Learning Spoken English
In today's modern world,there are many advantages to learn spoken English.English the universal language ofmany fields,such as politics,business and education in the world.It is quite common that English is used in interactionsbetween native and non-native speakers,even between non-native speakers.
Mastering spoken English provides you with more chances of employment.As foreign investment get into China,foreign companies and sino-foreign joint ventures spring up.These companies require speakers of English with sufficientlanguage skills to ensure smooth business transactions.Thus spoken English is often used in these companies.
Spoken English also gives you the chances to communicate with foreigners.It extends a way to know other cultures,
and other perspectives of the world.It also gives you access to foreign films,TVprograms,music and news.Therefore,spoken English is an important tool in today's life.
Passage B
Think about it
1.Probably not.Since Chinese English is thought to be the use of English in a Chinese way and it will not be acceptedwidely by the world.
2.“Have you had your dinner?”used as a greeting is typical of Chinese English.
3.From the title,we can predict that the passage is about whether Japanese English can be accepted as a variety of正English.12.Choose the bestanswer to each question with information from the passage.
Content Awareness
1.D
2.C
3.A
4.D
5.C
13.Answer the following questions with information from the passage.
1.To show that Japanglish is comprehensible and widely used,thus deserving its status as a legitimate language.
2.He is in favor of it.He claims that Japanese should speak English in a way that suits them.
3.Because he thinks English language schools force their students to learn“correct”English thatis far removed fromtheir everyday lives.
4.He is against the use of Japanglish and says that Mr.Childs is doing Japanese students of English a disservice bytelling them something is right when it is simply wrong.
5.In a way,“Japanglish”should be encouraged.
Language Focus
14.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.
1.beyond
2.champions
3.ignored
4.obliged /obliges
5.sheer
6.lagged
7.prospects
8.proficiency
9.prejudice
10.claim
15.Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage.Change the form where necessary.
1.in a way
2.drawing up
3.calls for
16.Each of the verbs and nouns /noun phrases in the following lists occurs in Passage B Choose the noun /noun phrasethat youthink collocates with the verb and write it down in the blank
4.signed up for
5.set;back
1.improve the standard of English/broad prospects
2.acquire profic iency
3.provide food and drink/the instructions
4.break the rules of grammar
5.develop habits of hearing and speaking
6.follow the instructions/the rules of grammar
7.ignore personal danger/prejudices
8.draw up documents
9.overcome prejudices
10.open up broad prospects
17.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
英语作为一种外语，学习它有不少好处。英语目前是国际商务语言，也是世界的通用语言。这就意味着在国际商业界，英语是那些说不同语言的人用来相互交流的工具。英语一般被觉得是仅次于汉语中文的被最多人用的语言。然而，大家却非常难了解在世界上某一特定的时间段有多少人在说英语，或者目前有多少人在学英语。据估计这个数字肯定非常高。
18.Read the following short passages and do the exercises that follow.
1.C
2.B
19.Translate the following sentences into Chinese,paying special attention to the underlined parts.
1.元素是一种物质，这种物质不可以用普通的化学办法再分裂成更为简单的物质。
2.《晚报》记者想写一篇文章，以便能引起公众对这件事的注意。
3.老师十分生气，要约翰打扫教室，约翰叫玛丽做，玛丽又叫琳达做，而琳达装着没听见。
4.我觉得我应该特别感谢我的爸爸妈妈，没他们的帮忙，我不可能成功。
5.汤姆喜欢热情而可爱的妹妹，但不喜欢冷漠又高傲的哥哥。
20.Write a few paragraphs to describe the following pictures about their sizes,shapes,similarities and differences.
Comparison of two bridges
The Shanghai Yangpu Bridge and the Wuhan Yangtze Bridge are both important bridges in China,but they differ insize,design and age.
The Yangpu Bridge is a relatively new construction,completed in 1993 as the second bridge across the Huangpu River.The Wuhan Yangtze Bridge is much older.Built in 1957,it was the first bridge to be built across the Yangtze River.
The Yangpu Bridge is much larger and grander in its design.Spanning 7658 meters and measuring 30.35 meters wide,its main bridge tower reaches the peak of its inverted“Y”shape 208 meters above sea level.The Wuhan Yangtze Bridge,measuring 1670 meters long and 14.5 meters wide,is comparatively small.However,it has the added design feature of a double layer,accommodating road traffic on the upper layer and railway on the lower layer.
Shanghai World Financial Center and the Empire State Building
The Empire State Building and Shanghai World Financial Center are both impressive buildings which are often seen as symbols of the countries they belong to.However,they have different symbolism.The Empire State Building at the time of its construction was intended to represent the strength of New York City at that time,while the World Financial Center symbolizes the emerging modernization and development of Shanghai and China as it heads into the future.
The two buildings also differ in their sizes.The World Financial Center is comparatively taller than the Empire State Building,standing at 101 floors or 492 metres high,which makes it the fourth tallest building in the world.It surpassethe Empire State Building,which measures 448 meters high.
21.Imagine that you wish to apply for the job advertised below.You have thelright qualifications and experience,and these are on your CV Write a letter of application to accompany your CV,emphasizing your personal qualities and suitability for this position.
College of Business Administration Peking University,Beijing,100044China
Tel:60870150Email:lihuaapply@163.com
June 16,2012
Dear Sir or Madam,
I would like to be considered as an applicant for the post of director which was advertised in European Management Daily dated June 10,2012.
I am male and I am now 28.I have a Bachelor's Degree in Business Management.I worked in a large company for3 years before entering Peking University last year to study for a MBA degree.Therefore I have gained a lot of experience in international marketing and sales management.I am sociable and I am familiar with many strategies for delivering current products into new international markets.In addition,I am creative and innovative and I'm sure that will help me to determine the profitability and feasibility of new products.Furthermore,I am honest,intelligent and cooperative,yet I am independent.Apart from these traits,I am proficient in English,I can communicate in English fluently both in speaking and writing.I am also good at computer.That means I am well qualified to deal with international business transactions electronically.
I'm sure that I'm the person you are looking for.
Thank you in advance for your time and consideration.You can contact me at the above telephone number or email address.I'm looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
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