Unit9
Lead-in
1.Urbanization refers to the process by which thousands of people settle down in a small area permanently with the result that a city is formed.
2.In the 1880s.
3.Urbanization can cause negative effect on the quality of life and the environment,but at the same time it can reduce pollution and offer more opportunities for employment.
Text comprehension
I B
Ⅱ
1.Refer to Paragraph 1.The author mentions rats at the beginning of the article for the purpose of contrasting rats with human beings.In a sense,both rats and human beings are city dwellers,but there are differences between them in terms of life .in the city.As natural inhabitants of the city,rats are social creatures and lead a stable urban life.By contrast,most human dwellers do not enjoy urban life but try to live outside the city boundaries;and they live an individualistic and atomized rather than gregarious life.Therefore,relatively speaking,rats are true city dwellers
2.Refer to Paragraph 3.The idiocy of the practice lies in the pretense of city dwellers.For one thing,they disdain rural life on the one hand,and on the other hand they try to simulate it by creating large or small patches of greenery around their suburb,exurb or rururb residences.For another,while they intend to live a rural life by going to the country,they have in fact spoiled the natural features of the rural areas and created urban surroundings where they have settled down.As a result their purpose fails in the end.
3.Refer to Paragraph 6.The author's saying so reflects his attitude towards office work in the city.Unlike farming which is part of rural home life,joyless work in the city is separated,both physically and emotionally,from home life and consequently causes unnecessary frenzy.The worker's going to and returning from work wastes a lot of time and thus is pointless,yet the worker"not only accepts but even seeks"it.
4.Refer to Paragraph 8.The quoted statement describes in what environment
the city dweller lives and works.With the windows that never open,the modern office,artificially cooled in summer and heated in winter,alienates the worker from the true natural world.The home surroundings are no better.They provide the dweller with no true sense of the seasons either.In general,the city dweller is removed from nature and submerged in a man-made environment every day.
5.Refer to Paragraph 9.This phenomenon is caused by the demerits of office work.Compared with physical labor in rural life,office work in the city needs very little physical exertion,but it requires long-time sitting with the same posture every day.Even the after-work exercises cannot compensate for the damage done to the physical constitution of the worker during work hours.This accounts for the round-shoulderedness of Americans.
Ⅲ
1.Rats make city life courteous and refined when they dominate the city deep at night.
2.City dwellers create all kinds of city vogues in the country,for they will not live without these fashionable things.
3.These windows are disgraceful because they put the lives of office workers in danger if a fire should occur
4.A lawn in the backyard and a few spindle-shaped trees struggling for life are not enough to give the dweller any true sense of the season changes.
Structural analysis of the text
略
Rhetorical features of the text
略
Vocabulary
I
1.doing propaganda work;printing lies on paper
2.fierce competition among people
3.foolishness;stupidity
4.senseless turmoil
5.something disgraceful
6.people with bent shoulders
Ⅱ
1.knowledge
2.simulation
3.insolence
4:urban
5.scurry
6.congregation
7.compensate
8.rat race
Ⅲ
1.idiotic
2.urbanity
3.solitary
4.exerted
5.insolent
6.grieved
7.lunatic
8.habitat
IV
B C C A B A A B
V
1.bearing
2.impolite
3.friendly
4.modestly
5.smelly
6:thin
7.accept
8.strangely
VI
1.somewhere away from a studio,office,library or laboratory where practical work is done or data is collected
2.support
3.seemingly
4.unconscious
5.very happy
6.ask for
Grammar
I
1.It was Harry who told the police.
2.It was I who told him the news.这部3.It was Susan who would like to read some detective stories.It was some detective stories that Susan would like to read.
4.It is only when one is ill that one realizes the value of health.
5.It was John who painted a lovely picture.It was a lovely picture that John painted.
6.It was Galileo who invented the telescope.
It was the telescope that Galileo invented.
7.It was Tom's mother who threw an egg at the minister yesterday.It was an egg that Tom's mother threw at the minister yesterday.It was at the minister that 'Tom's mother threw an egg yesterday.It was yesterday that Tom's mother threw an egg at the minister.
8.It was Bill who released the chairman's illness to the reporters at the party last night.
It was the chairman's illness that Bill released to the reporters at the party last night.
It was at the party that Bill released the chairman's illness to there porters last night.
It was last night that Bill released the chairman's illness to there porters at the party.
Ⅱ
1.Do be civil this time.
2.It is they who bring the rat race.
3.Even the victims themselves can't explain how the accident occurred.
4.John I can comprehend;but the others speak gibberish.#5.Ambitious she must have been,or she wouldn't have come.
6.His face not many admired,while his character still fewer could praise.
7.They have promised to finish the work,and finish it they will.
8.Hidden in the cellar were several barrels of emphasize wine.I It was several barrels of wine that were hidden in the cellar.
9.What he was doing was making a plan.
10.It is from this day-to-day existence of unreality,pretence,and idiocy that the city people have the insolence to mock the useful and rewarding life of the country people.
Ⅲ
1.No,what I said was that I wanted you to fill the boxes with these books.
2.No,what I did was to invite her to my house instead.
3.No,what I thought was that he was going on his own.
4.No,what I did was to repair the old one.
5.No,what I did was to phone the managing director directly.
6.No,what I'd like you to work on is Exercise Two.
7.No,what I meant was that I will text you when I get there.
8.No,what I did was to send them some homemade cakes.
IV
1.e.g.As the gate was closed,he walked away.The sun was setting as we reached home.As he predicted,the wind changed.
2.e.g.They have to face the fact that the nearest filling station is 30 miles away.
Translation
I
1.偶尔从寂静中开来一辆汽车，在闪烁的交通灯下轻松驶过
2.他们尽心竭力地让城里人想象自己目前住的地方绝不是城市：在环境较差的郊区铺上几块草坪，在更为富裕的远郊，草坪的面积更大
3.即便城市居民在他们郊区的家外面能了解有时天气热了，有时天气冷了，但仅凭他们后院的草坪或几棵半死不活的小树，他们是无去了解季节更迭的真的步伐的
4.城里人日复1日地生活在非现实之中，不可一世，举止愚蠢，他们即便在赶路时也是高校英步履沉重，他们从不仰视他们的建筑，更不会仰望天空。恰恰是这种生活使他们携带傲慢的神情蔑视和讥讽供养他们的乡下人的有益且有回报的生活
Ⅱ
1.The government promises that it will spare no effort to support our environmental protection projects.
2.She had no knowledge of Chinese history,geography and culture before she came to China.
3.The sonorous voice of the speaker is echoing round the hall
4.Industry and loyalty sometimes compensate for the lack of ability.
5.As far as I know,he was one of the few people who got out of the rat race.
6.He left a few men behind to clean up the last of the enemy positions
Ⅲ
为何那样多人十分急切地想离开自己从小长大的小城镇或村庄而奔向大都市呢?他们常说我们的家乡“枯燥乏味”,或者“死气沉沉”,或者最苛刻地指责为“土里土气”。年假如大家超脱一点来研究这个问题，就像大家远距离地审视整个国家一样，大家对到底是什么诱使大家到大城市来这个问题就会有一点眉目了。大城市值得注意的主要一点就是“大”:人多，发生的事情也多。假如你真的从一个非常远的距离，如夜晚航行的飞机上，英语俯瞰一座城市，你会被眼前很难置信的明亮打动：那样多的灯光，以至于你会不由自主地公的以为五彩缤纷的生活就在下面向你招手。然而，一旦你落地，失望之情便会自然地产生，空由于当你驱车从机场驶入市中心时，你会意识到光明不过是绵延几英里的路灯和霓虹招
牌。它们本身并不是快乐与幸福的源泉：城市之光并不友善，它们只是灯光而已。事实上，其成效可能还叫你感到寂寞和孤独。
Exercises for integrated skills
I
In one sense,/we can trace all the problems of the American city /back to a single starting point:/we Americans don't like our cities very much.
That is,on the face of it,absurd./After all,more than three-fourths of us now live in cities,/and more are flocking to them every year./We are told that the problems of our cities /are receiving more attention,/and scholarship has discovered a whole new field in urban studies.
Nonetheless,it is historically true:/in the American psychology,/the city has been a basically suspect institution,/filled with the corruption of Europe,/totally lacking that sense of spaciousness /and innocence of the frontier/and the rural landscape.
Ⅱ
I B D G A M O F J L
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